How?
- 导师给你一个问题
- 你很幸运！
- 赶紧做，说不定导师忍不住自己去做了
- 自己产生问题，导师帮你判断
- 这是通常的情况
- 导师的研究经验和见解，会使得你少做无用功
- 有了问题以后：
- 搞清楚该问题上已经有过的所有工作
- 导师给你推荐重要文献，然后自己顺藤摸瓜
- 优点是什么？缺点是什么？为什么没有彻底解决问题？
- 悟出已有工作的发展线索
Idea
- 这是考验你聪明才智的时候了！
- 不要指望导师给你idea！
- 如果导师连idea都给你，你的运气实在是好到家了
- 你也许会有很多idea，导师可以帮助你判断、改善
- 有了好的idea，问题就解决了一大半
- 如果一下想不到好的idea，不要着急
- 博士期间能做出一项重要的工作就已经很好了
爱因斯坦名言集 | Einstein’s Quotes
来源说明：以上内容来自: http://www.cs.ucla.edu/~klinger/tenpp/11_einstein.html 以下名言来源于 Alice Calaprice 编辑的两本普林斯顿大学出版社出版的书籍：《可引用的爱因斯坦》(1996年) 和《扩展版可引用的爱因斯坦》(2000年)。其中包含了他的原话以及被归属于他的名言。标记为”PNB”的表示”可能不是爱因斯坦所说”。
关于科学与数学 | Science & Mathematics
“If we knew what it was we were doing, it would not be called research, would it?” 如果我们知道自己在做什么，那就不能叫研究了，不是吗？
“The creative principle [of science] resides in mathematics.” （科学的）创造性原理存在于数学之中。 — June 10, 1933, Ideas and Opinions, 274
“Do not worry about your difficulties in mathematics; I can assure you that mine are still greater.” 不要为你在数学上的困难而烦恼；我可以向你保证，我的困难比你的更大。
关于想象力与知识 | Imagination & Knowledge
“Imagination is more important than knowledge.” 想象力比知识更重要。
“I am enough of an artist to draw freely upon my imagination. Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited. Imagination encircles the world.” 我足够艺术家的气质，可以自由地运用我的想象力。想象力比知识更重要。知识是有限的，想象力却拥抱着整个世界。
“The mere formulation of a problem is far more essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experimental skills. To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advances in science.” 问题的提出往往比解决问题更重要，因为解决问题也许仅仅是一个数学上或实验上的技能而已。提出新的问题，新的可能性，从新的角度看待旧问题，都需要创造性的想象力，并且标志着科学的真正进步。
关于人生哲学 | Life Philosophy
“I never worry about the future. It comes soon enough.” 我从不为未来担忧。它很快就会到来。
“There are only two ways to live your life. One is as though nothing is a miracle. The other is as though everything is a miracle.” (PNB) 人生只有两种方式。一种是认为没有什么是奇迹。另一种是认为一切都是奇迹。
“Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.” 现实不过是一种幻觉，尽管是一种非常持久的幻觉。
“A person starts to live when he can live outside himself.” 当一个人能够超越自我时，他才开始真正地生活。
关于真理与追求 | Truth & Pursuit
“The ideals which have lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully, have been Kindness, Beauty, and Truth.” 那些照亮我道路，并且一次又一次地给我新的勇气去愉快地正视生活的理想，是善、美和真。
“The right to search for truth also implies that one must not conceal any part of what one has recognized to be true.” 寻求真理的权利同时也意味着，人们不应隐瞒任何已经认识到的真理。
“Strive not to be a success, but rather to be of value.” 不要努力成为一个成功的人，而要努力成为一个有价值的人。
关于思考与探索 | Thinking & Exploration
“I think and think for months and years, ninety-nine times, the conclusion is false. The hundredth time I am right.” 我思考了几个月甚至几年，九十九次的结论都是错误的。第一百次我才是对的。
“The important thing is not to stop questioning. Curiosity has its own reasons for existing. One cannot help but be in awe when he contemplates the mysteries of eternity, of life, of the marvelous structure of reality. It is enough if one tries to comprehend a little of this mystery every day. Never lose a holy curiosity.” 重要的是不要停止质疑。好奇心有其存在的理由。当人们思考永恒、生命以及现实奇妙结构的奥秘时，不能不感到敬畏。如果人们每天都努力理解这些奥秘的一点点，那就足够了。永远不要失去神圣的好奇心。
“The most beautiful thing we can experience is the mysterious. It is the source of all true art and all science. He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead; his eyes are closed.” 我们能够体验到的最美妙的事情是神秘。它是所有真正艺术和科学的源泉。对于那些不懂得这种情感的人，那些不再能够停下来思考并为之着迷的人，实际上已经死了；他们的眼睛已经闭上了。
关于错误与创新 | Mistakes & Innovation
“Anyone who has never made a mistake has never tried anything new.” 从不犯错误的人，就是从不尝试新事物的人。
“Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.” (Possibly by Einstein) 凡事都应该尽可能简单，但不能过于简单。
关于测量与价值 | Measurement & Value
“Not everything that counts can be counted, and not everything that can be counted counts.” (PNB) 不是所有重要的东西都能被计算，也不是所有能被计算的东西都重要。
关于困难与机遇 | Difficulty & Opportunity
“In the middle of every difficulty lies opportunity.” (PNB) 在每个困难的中心都蕴藏着机遇。
“We cannot solve our problems with the same thinking we used when we created them.” 我们无法用制造问题时的同一水平思维来解决问题。
关于人性与智慧 | Humanity & Wisdom
“Only two things are infinite, the universe and human stupidity, and I’m not sure about the former.” 只有两样东西是无限的：宇宙和人类的愚蠢，而我对前者还不确定。
“Before God we are equally wise - and equally foolish.” 在上帝面前，我们都同样明智——也同样愚蠢。
“Great spirits have always found violent opposition from mediocrities. The latter cannot understand it when a man does not thoughtfully submit to hereditary prejudices but honestly and courageously uses his own intelligence.” 伟大的精神总是遭到平庸之辈的强烈反对。后者无法理解，当一个人不盲从于遗传的偏见，而是诚实勇敢地运用自己的智慧时。
关于战争与和平 | War & Peace
“He who joyfully marches to music in rank and file has already earned my contempt. He has been given a large brain by mistake, since for him the spinal cord would fully suffice. This disgrace to civilization should be done away with at once. Heroism at command, senseless brutality, deplorable love-of-country stance, how violently I hate all this, how despicable and ignoble war is; I would rather be torn to shreds than to be a part of so base an action! It is my conviction that killing under the cloak of war is nothing but an act of murder.” 那些在行军队列中欢快前进的人已经赢得了我的蔑视。他们错误地得到了一个大脑，因为对他们来说脊髓就足够了。这种文明的耻辱应该立即被废除。奉命而行的英雄主义、毫无意义的暴行、可悲的爱国主义立场，我多么强烈地憎恨这一切，战争是多么卑鄙和不光彩；我宁愿被撕成碎片，也不愿参与如此卑劣的行动！我坚信，在战争外衣下的杀戮不过是谋杀行为。
关于人生目的 | Life Purpose
“How strange is the lot of us mortals! Each of us is here for a brief sojourn; for what purpose he knows not, though he senses it. But with deeper reflection one knows from daily life that one exists for other people.” 我们这些凡人的命运多么奇怪！我们每个人都在这里短暂停留；为了什么目的他并不知道，尽管他能感觉到。但通过更深入的反思，人们从日常生活中知道，一个人的存在是为了他人。
关于财富与品格 | Wealth & Character
“I am absolutely convinced that no wealth in the world can help humanity forward even in the hands of the most devoted worker. The example of great and pure individuals is the only thing that can lead us to noble thoughts and deeds. Money only appeals to selfishness and irresistibly invites abuse. Can anyone imagine Moses, Jesus, or Gandhi armed with the money-bags of Carnegie.” 我绝对相信，世界上没有任何财富能够推动人类进步，即使在最虔诚的工作者手中也是如此。伟大而纯洁的个人榜样是引导我们走向崇高思想和行为的唯一途径。金钱只会诉诸自私，并不可抗拒地招致滥用。有人能想象摩西、耶稣或甘地拥有卡内基的钱袋吗？
关于同情与理解 | Compassion & Understanding
“Our task must be to free ourselves from this prison by widening our circle of understanding and compassion to embrace all living creatures and the whole of nature and its beauty.” (Possibly By Einstein) 我们的任务必须是通过扩大我们理解和同情的圈子来拥抱所有生物和整个自然及其美丽，从而使自己从这个监狱中解脱出来。
“More and more I come to value charity and love of one’s fellow being above everything else… All our lauded technological progress-our very civilization-is like the ax in the hand of the pathological criminal.” 我越来越重视慈善和对同胞的爱胜过一切…我们所赞美的技术进步——我们的整个文明——就像病态罪犯手中的斧头。
关于其他智慧 | Other Wisdom
“It has become appallingly obvious that our technology has exceeded our humanity.” 我们的技术已经超越了我们的人性，这已经变得令人震惊地明显。
“The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources.” 创造力的秘密在于知道如何隐藏你的来源。
“If you are out to describe the truth, leave elegance to the tailor.” 如果你要描述真理，就把优雅留给裁缝吧。
“Bear in mind that the wonderful things you learn in your schools are the work of many generations. All this is put in your hands as your inheritance in order that you may receive it, honor it, add to it, and one day faithfully hand it on to your children.” 请记住，你在学校里学到的美好事物是许多代人的工作成果。所有这些都作为你的遗产放在你手中，以便你接受它、尊重它、增加它，并且有一天忠实地传递给你的孩子们。
“Few are those who see with their own eyes and feel with their own hearts.” 用自己的眼睛看、用自己的心感受的人很少。
“He who can no longer pause to wonder and stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead; his eyes are closed.” 那些不再能够停下来思考并为之着迷的人，实际上已经死了；他们的眼睛已经闭上了。
“Whoever undertakes to set himself up as a judge of Truth and Knowledge is shipwrecked by the laughter of the gods.” 无论是谁，如果他把自己当作真理和知识的法官，他就会被神的笑声击沉。